## Overview The Qatari government is the ruling authority of the State of Qatar, structured as a hereditary constitutional emirate under the leadership of the Āl Thānī family[1]. The Emir serves as both head of state and government, holding significant executive, legislative, and, to a large extent, judicial powers[1][7]. While the Emir’s position is hereditary, the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers are appointed by the Emir, and the legislative branch includes a partially elected Advisory Council (Shura Council), though recent constitutional changes have centralized appointment powers with the Emir[1][2]. Political parties are not permitted, and the country’s political system is characterized by limited political participation and centralized decision-making[7]. ## Historical Context Qatar gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1971 and adopted a provisional constitution in 1972, which was replaced by a new constitution approved by referendum in 2003 and enacted in 2005[1][2]. The constitution originally provided for the election of two-thirds of the Shura Council, but elections were repeatedly delayed and, in 2024, a constitutional amendment abolished their election, consolidating the Emir’s authority[1]. Historically, the rise of oil and gas revenues after World War II transformed Qatar’s economy and society, but also led to internal rivalries within the ruling family, resulting in several bloodless coups[1]. ## Key Achievements Qatar has leveraged its hydrocarbon wealth to achieve rapid modernization and global influence. It has become a major player in global energy markets and a diplomatic mediator in regional conflicts. The country hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2022, which accelerated infrastructure development and international visibility[5]. Qatar has also invested heavily in education, healthcare, and technology, with the 2025 budget allocating $5.3 billion to education and $6 billion to health, reflecting a national strategy focused on human capital and innovatio